Harm can take a wide range of forms. It can be intentional - often called abuse. However, harm is often unintentional - and can happen through accident, lack of knowledge, skill or understanding.
Harm can be caused through what is done, or not done - so, where care and support are not provided when they are needed, it can cause harm.
Physical harm
Slapping, punching, biting, hitting, shaking and kicking are all forms of physical harm, as are poor medications management, and concerns regarding falls and frailty.
Psychological/Emotional harm
Psychological harm includes being humiliated, intimidated, shouted at, threatened, bullied or constantly criticised. It can also mean being controlled by someone, ignored or left alone. Psychological harm is often an outcome where an adult is at risk of other types of harm. The psychological impact of harm can last longer than the physical or financial impact.
Neglect
Neglect involves denying medical or physical care, access to a doctor or other services. It could be denying someone medication, food or heating, privacy or dignity. It can also mean self-neglect. Sometimes carers struggle to maintain a level of care that results in unintentional neglect.